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Eurekalert Medical and Health News: 01-29-2005

Good medicine, good economics: African-Americans need equal treatment for pain, SLU study finds
Saint Louis University research finds the cheaper treatment and smaller settlements typically given to African-Americans and the poor for work-related back pain lead to greater dissatisfaction with the Workers' Compensation system, which in turn creates more long-term disability and costs.

Monkey 'pay-per-view' study could aid understanding of autism
Researches have found that monkeys will "pay" juice rewards to see images of high-ranking monkeys or female hindquarters. They say their research technique offers a rigorous laboratory approach to studying the "social machinery" of the brain and how this machinery goes tragically awry in autism -- a disease that afflicts more than a million Americans and is the fastest growing developmental disorder.

Highlights of the February Journal of the American Dietetic Association
The February 2005 issue of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association contains articles and research studies you may find of interest. Below is a summary of some of this month's articles. For more information or to receive a faxed copy of a Journal article, e-mail media@eatright.org.

ASU students host first annual Western Regional Bioethics Conference
Arizona State University students have organized the first annual Western Regional Bioethics Conference to be held on February 25 and 26, 2005 at ASU.s Tempe Campus. The conference aims to both broaden perceptions of bioethics and promote a more reflective approach to highly-charged issues such as in-vitro fertilization, cloning, and the use of stem cells.

The mysteries of the emotions: The Good, Bad, and the Learned
Today's neuroscientists, using sophisticated imaging techniques, are uncovering the ways in which our emotions are linked to the physical wiring and physiological functioning of the brain. To present the latest findings in this field, the New York Academy of Sciences is presenting a discussion, "Imaging Emotions: The Good, the Bad, and the Learned" on February 1 at 5 p.m.

NJIT hosts Biomedical Engineering Showcase and Career Fair
New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) is hosting the second annual New Jersey Biomedical Engineering Showcase and Career Fair - an annual event that unites industry professionals and academics interested in the applied-life sciences.

Association of herpesvirus with lung disorder questioned
Contrary to the results of a recent U.S. study, investigators in Japan found no association between a herpesvirus infection and a potentially life-threatening form of high blood pressure, as reported in the March 1 issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases, now available online.

American Chemical Society plans March ProSpectives meeting on integrative drug discovery
The American Chemical Society, the world.s largest scientific society, will hold an ACS ProSpectives Conference on Interplay of Chemistry and Biology in Integrative Drug Discovery in Miami, Fla., at the Hyatt Regency Coral Cables, March 6-9, 2005.

Computer memory, MRI technology benefit from student research at UH
Furthering research in computer memory storage devices, magnetic resonance imaging technology and advanced electronics, University of Houston students in science and engineering showcased their original research in a campus competition. Three graduate students won top honors at the biannual UH Texas Center for Superconductivity and Advanced Materials (TcSAM) Student Symposium. The symposium series highlights the original research efforts of undergraduate and graduate students working in TcSAM, a NASA Research Partnership Center located at UH.

How many comparative genomes are enough?
Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers put pencil to paper to develop a mathematical model to determine how many species' genomes need to be sequenced to know whether evolution has conserved a given stretch of DNA.

'Future Vision 2005' to feature innovation in endoscopy
Innovation, research and emerging endoscopic techniques are some of the topics that will be discussed at "Future Vision 2005," hosted by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE), March 10-11, at the Annenberg Center for Health Services at Eisenhower in Rancho Mirage, CA.

Preschoolers not getting enough fiber
A Penn State analysis of the diets of a nationally representative sample of U.S. preschoolers, ages 2 to 5, shows that more than three-quarters of the children are not getting enough fiber.

Views from space help oil prospectors see deep underground
It takes seismic force to make the ground give up its secrets. Through the years, those searching for oil and gas have used varied methods to send sound energy into the ground and to record the waves reflected by the geological features beneath the surface.

Lottery funding to aid research into superbugs
A consortium of UK scientists and clinicians is to begin new research to tackle the problem of lung infection amongst Cystic Fibrosis (CF) sufferers. Led by Professor John Govan at the Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, the experts aim to find new ways to combat the bacterial lung infections which eventually cause the death of 90% of those with CF. The work has been made possible by a .509,759 grant from the Big Lottery Fund to the Cystic Fibrosis Trust.

Man and mouse share genome structures
In the most detailed large-scale study to date of the proteins that package DNA, researchers have mapped a family of switches that turn genes on and off. Their findings may help scientists understand regulatory mechanisms underlying cancer and human development.

First US kidney cancer vaccine trial underway at Columbia
The first U.S. kidney cancer vaccine trial is now underway at Columbia University Medical Center and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia. While the potential for vaccines to treat solid tumors has been recognized for more than a decade, this trial is pioneering the use of tumor immunotherapy - boosting the body's natural immune system - as a way to fight cancer.

Satellite data reveal immense pollution pool over Bihar, India
Scientists studying satellite data have discovered an immense wintertime pool of pollution over the northern Indian state of Bihar. Blanketing around 100 million people, primarily in the Ganges Valley, the pollution levels are about five times larger than those typically found over Los Angeles.

Columbia researcher identifies cellular defect that may contribute to autism
The causes of autism have long remained a mystery, but new research from Columbia University Medical Center has identified, for the first time, how a cellular defect may be involved in the often crippling neurological disorder. The research, which is published in today's issue of Science, examines how a defect in neuroligin genes may contribute to autism. The loss of neuroligins perturbs the formation of neuronal connections and results in an imbalance of neuronal function.

Study shows that diabetes increases risk of blood poisoning
A new study adds potentially fatal blood infections to the list of health risks from diabetes, a condition that is on the rise in the United States as obesity rates climb, according to the Feb. 15 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, now available online.

Protein stops growth of brain tumor, OHSU study shows
A protein developed by scientists at Oregon Health & Science University blocks the growth of an aggressive and deadly brain tumor in laboratory rats, a new study shows. Herstatin inhibits the activation of a family of enzymes responsible for signaling inside glioblastoma cells that tells the cells to proliferate and display other malignant properties. Study co-author Gail Clinton, Ph.D., said human clinical trials for herstatin could begin as early as next year.

Indiana University scientists' research success puts Indiana in new stem cell business
Scientific discoveries by two Indiana University School of Medicine researchers have led to the creation of EndGenitor Technologies Inc., a life sciences company whose products could someday repair the blood vessels of heart attack victims and diabetics.

Genetic regions influencing male sexual orientation identified
In the first-ever study combing the entire human genome for genetic determinants of male sexual orientation, a University of Illinois at Chicago researcher has identified several areas that appear to influence whether a man is heterosexual or gay.

Wider use of simpler cervical cancer screening could benefit women in developing countries
An easy, inexpensive method using ordinary vinegar in screening women for cervical cancer could be applied in more situations in developing countries around the world, thus increasing the number of women whose disease is caught early and treated.

Study reports women don't experience undue pain, anxiety during mammography screening
The assumption that women avoid mammograms for fear of pain is challenged in a study published in the February 2005 issue of The American Journal of Roentgenology, which finds that women undergoing screening mammography report minimal levels of distress.

Green tea extract boosts exercise endurance 8-24%, utilizing fat as energy source
Green tea extract improved exercise endurance up to 24%, depending on dosage, though GTE's active ingredient was less effective. Researchers said the results indicate "GTE is beneficial for improving endurance capacity and support the hypothesis that stimulation of fatty acid utilization is a promising strategy for improving endurance capacity." Measuring swimming endurance after 10 weeks on GTE, the marked improvement came from the equivalent of about four cups of tea a day.

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