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 Back to Eurekalert Medical and Health News Archives
Eurekalert Medical and Health News: 01-24-2005
For the first time, sociologists have mapped the romantic and sexual relationships of an entire high school over 18 months, providing evidence that these adolescent networks may be structured differently than researchers previously thought. The results showed that, unlike many adult networks, there was no core group of very sexually active people at the high school.
The best strategy for minimizing future influenza morbidity and mortality would be to concentrate vaccinations in school children and high-risk groups, according to a new research commentary by scientists at Emory University. The alternative vaccine plan is based on mathematical models and on influenza field studies.
A large clinical trial of a novel HIV vaccine has begun enrolling volunteers at sites in North America, South America, the Caribbean and Australia. Organizers are seeking 1,500 participants.The trial is co-funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. Inc.
Excessive weight can bring with it many medical problems, including insulin resistance and often type 2 diabetes. Biliopancreatic diversion surgery for severely obese patients leads to more improved insulin sensitivity when compared to gastric bypass surgery.
Researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that living in a disadvantaged urban neighborhood can increase male residents' risk of contracting HIV. The study related disadvantaged neighborhoods to stress and stress to increased injection drug use in male study participants.
Adults under the age of 50 who have chronic pain may be less able to cope with their condition and more prone to associated depression than their elders, a new study suggests. And the same "generation gap" pattern exists among both blacks and whites, though previous studies have shown blacks experience more pain and more pain-related negative effects than whites.
Mission controllers cross their fingers whenever the Sun is stormy and their spacecraft have to fly over the South Atlantic. There, even satellites in low orbits suffer many hits by atomic bullets from the Sun. Troublesome faults occur in electronic systems and astronauts see flashes in their eyes. The Earth's magnetic field, which shields our planet against charged atomic particles coming from outer space, is curiously weak in that region.
Ultra-realistic surround sound is a step closer for everyone thanks to a new method that will cheaply and efficiently compute the way individuals hear things.The research could have applications in areas ranging from wearable computers to hearing aids.
A new range of orthodontic brackets which have minimum visual or aesthetic impact and which are manufactured by means of microinjection techniques are being designed. Dental brackets are small items employed in orthodontics for the correct alignment of the teeth.
A new study naming hospitals in the top five percent in the nation in clinical quality is being released today by HealthGrades, the independent healthcare quality organization. The hospitals were ranked on the death and complication rates of Medicare patients in 28 common procedures and diagnoses.
According to a new study, early seizures after the most common form of epilepsy surgery signal a greatly increased likelihood that the patient will continue to have seizures.
Researchers say obesity is associated with lower prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in men, making the screening test likely to produce unreliable results in this population.
There is no association between two specific personality traits - neuroticism and extroversion - and cancer, according to a new study, one of the largest prospective twin studies to examine this issue. The study also finds no evidence that personality traits indirectly lead to cancer through behavioral factors, such as smoking.
National health records have shown that African-Americans are more prone to high blood pressure than Caucasians, but pinning down the roots of that difference has proven elusive. Now, researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have narrowed down the search for genes that contribute to this difference in disease risk.
Professional counseling and support can boost physical activity among adults, a new review finds, but researchers aren't sure what kind of professional advice work best to encourage exercise or whether counseling increases physical activity over the long run.Counseling generally encourages exercise, according to Dr. Melvyn Hillsdon of University College London and colleagues. However, the researchers found no evidence that counseling can help people reach a specific exercise goal.
A review of recent studies suggests that antioxidant supplements, including vitamin E and selenium, do not prolong the survival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig's disease.
Annual mammograms and doctor visits are the best follow-up strategy for women who have been treated for early stage breast cancer, according to a new review of recent research.The report suggests that more intensive lab tests like liver scans and molecular tumor markers do not improve the chances of detecting a recurrence of cancer or increase survival rates among former breast cancer patients.
A molecule specially modified by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine can reset the biological clock for cancer vaccines, potentially making them more potent.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have found that sildenafil citrate (Viagra), a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in millions of men, effectively treats enlarged hearts in mice, stopping further muscle growth from occurring and reversing existing growth, including the cellular and functional damage it created.
People who participate in randomized controlled studies to test new therapies seem to fare no better or no worse than those who receive the same care outside of such studies, a new review of research has found.
Routine use of a nasogastric tube after abdominal surgery, once thought to speed the return of normal intestinal functions, actually slows recovery, according to a new review of research.
The common use of anti-inflammatory steroids for traumatic head injuries like those from car crashes may actually increase the risk of death, according to a new review of studies about the treatment.
A review of recent studies concludes that surgeons should perform vaginal rather than abdominal hysterectomies whenever possible in order to cut down on complications and the length of hospital stays.
The Cochrane Library, 2005, Issue 1 will be published online January 24, 2005 at http://www.thecochranelibrary.com. This newsletter highlights some of the key health care conclusions reached by new Cochrane Reviews.
Currently available lines of human embryonic stem cells have been contaminated with a non-human molecule that compromises their potential therapeutic use in human subjects, according to research by investigators at the UCSD School of Medicine and the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California.
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